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Targets Evaluation

This page contains information on the freedom of various device, along with the ability to be ported to Replicant. It can be used for many different things:
  • It can be used to evaluate potential target devices
  • It can be used to denounce very vicious attacks on users freedom, for instance if the kernel is signed.
  • It can be used to track if new devices have removable batteries

To track the upstream status of various devices, we also have the Upstream wiki page. Here we really need information on the upstream status of smartphones and tablets, even if the devices are worse than the ones currently supported as it helps plan the future of Replicant. For instance we could use the data to understand how to build virtuous circles with various upstream project that care less about freedom.

That page was previously used to evaluate potential target devices to which we may port Replicant, but the information on the devices Replicant would not want to support turned out to be useful as well.

Also note that adding support for a new device in Replicant takes some time and effort.

Because of that, adding new devices in that page doesn't guarantee at all that the device will be supported in Replicant, even if that device has significantly less freedom issues than the ones currently supported by Replicant, as some people still need to step up and do the work.

Other resources:
  • There is also a forum section about devices evaluations.
  • The mailing list can also be used to discuss about device evaluations

The developer guide explains the terminology used on this page. See also the website for background information.
The porting guides provide information how the following requirements can be evaluated.

Improving data on devices

It might be a good idea to investigate how to use Wikidata to store the data and be able to automatically generate some tables from that.

This could also enable us to share the work with other communities. However the main issue with doing that would be to ensure that the data quality is good enough to our standards.

The inventaire project has exactly the same issues and did a presentation on how they deal with it.

It's also possible to build compatibility tables with sparql querries but much more research needs to be done on how to best interface with wikidata data.

Other data sources

  • LineageOS generates its wiki compatibility page from yaml data. We can also use the same data to find devices that might be interesting to support in Replicant.
  • Wikidata had or has already a community of people involved in adding smartphones in wikidata.
  • The gsmarena website also has some information on smartphones.
  • Wikipedia has a lot of information on smartphones, including specifications.

Replicant even has a tool:"https://git.replicant.us/replicant/vendor_replicant-scripts/tree/research" to automatize that

Evaluation criteria for accepting new devices in Replicant

Minimal requirements

List of the bare minimum requirements for a device to be ported to Replicant:
  • Users must not be required to use download, install or use any nonfree software to install Replicant.
  • The bootloader must not prevent users from installing modified kernel versions.
  • Replicant will need to be usable on the device without having to redistribute any nonfree software.
  • Users or automatic programs are not expected to download and install nonfree software to make the device usable.
  • The device also need to have enough resources to run Android. For instance, at the time of writing, it's unrealistic to port devices with 128M of RAM to Replicant.
  • User replaceable batteries:
    • The batteries can be removed and replaced with basic tools like a screwdriver and stamp tweezer to open the back cover, without damaging too much the device.
    • Requiring to use a heat gun to open the case in a way that damages it makes it too complicated for Replicant developers, users, and vendors selling devices with Replicant pre-installed, to do it without damaging the device.
    • Not being able to remove batteries results in the inability to easily find the device second hand and replace the battery. Developers also have to rush for supporting the device, as people prefer to buy it new as the battery will last longer this way.
  • A somewhat isolated modem:
    • A modem connected with shared memory or in the same SOC is not OK anymore, unless:
    • The modem can run fully free software that is under the user control, which Replicant will use and redistribute.
    • An IOMMU that is setup correctly. As IOMMU are complicated to setup correctly, and to really isolate from the modem they would require:
      • Complete documentation, including documentation that shows that the modem cannot re-configure the IOMMU
      • To make sure that the IOMMU is setup correctly, before the modem is booted. For instance:
        • If the modem boot is not controlled by Replicant, you would need to make sure that at boot, the IOMMU is setup before the modem link is initialized. This typically requires upstream support for the device in a fully free bootloader.
        • If instead, the modem boot is controlled by Replicant, you could just do the IOMMU setup in the kernel and upstream the code to be sure it works as intended.
Also keep in mind that:
  • The device must have at least one usable Linux kernel with with complete corresponding source code. If this is not the case, it might still be possible to obtain the complete corresponding source code from the device manufacturer, or to port the Linux kernel to the device yourself before starting to work on Replicant.
  • Some devices might have CPU architectures not supported by the latest Android version, like MIPS. Replicant may refuse to support such devices due to concern over long term maintenance of the code.
  • Replicant doesn't support CDMA yet. If your device has CDMA, adding support for CDMA may or may not be a lot of work depending on the device.
  • As Replicant 9 will be based on upstream Linux, it's a good idea to have the some support for the device in upstream Linux and work with upstream to add as much support as possible, in order to limit the maintenance of such code.
If you still want to add support for devices that don't meet the minimal requirements, we still have some options left:
  • We are open to collaborate with people wanting to add support for devices (that Replicant doesn't want to support) in other upstream projects. For instance, Replicant 9 will use a kernel that is very closely based on upstream Linux. Thanks to that, the source code might be useful to run Android on various devices with upstream Linux kernel.
  • We are open to upstreamming the code made by Replicant in other projects as well. We already upstreamed several libraries in CyanogenMod or LineageOS.
  • We are also open to collaborate in helping you fork Replicant if there is no suitable upstream for supporting your device.
  • If you or someone else has some idea to add here, feel free to request a wiki account to add it, or to suggest it on IRC, the mailing list, in a bug report, etc.

Good target

What makes a good target for Replicant:
  • Bootloader must be ready to flash images, or be very easy to unlock
  • Free user-space implementation for most of the hardware already available
  • Standard or well-known protocols used in the hardware (V4L2/ALSA/NMEA, etc)
  • Proprietary loadable firmwares only needed for Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, and not camera, or other peripherals etc
  • Freedom-compliant hardware design: Modem isolation (no shared mem, GPS, audio)
  • It should be possible to deactivate the modem, either by hardware or software.
  • To make the port easier, and to amount lower the maintenance work it would also be a good idea if the chosen device meets or exceed with some margin the minimum HardwareRequirements of the latest Android version.

Ideal target

An ideal target for Replicant would be:
  • Free bootloaders that allow easy flashing for the user
  • All the hardware using standard protocols, kernel-drivers and no user-space binary blobs
  • Components do not require loadable non-free firmware
  • There are ways to update the internal firmwares of the chips (for instance to allow a free software modem implementation)
  • Has total modem isolation (doesn't control audio, nor GPS, mem, NAND, etc)
  • not SIM locked

Known to be bad targets

Here is a list of the bad targets for Replicant and reasons why:
  • Qualcomm MSM/QSD devices are known to have bad hardware design where the modem controls GPS, audio (including mic), RAM, NAND.
    However, some MSM/QSD SoCs don't ship with a modem embedded, so they may be good targets. See the page on Qualcomm System On a Chip for more details on this issue.
  • Nvidia Tegra 2 devices are known to be too slow with Replicant, since there is no NEON nor any free hwcomposer/gralloc.
    Perhaps newer Tegra SoCs (which include NEON) would be faster on Replicant.
  • Motorola devices manufactured after the Milestone (inclusive). These have non-free locked bootloaders that check kernel signatures. sbf_flash, a utility capable of flashing Motorola devices, is non-free.

Devices evaluation

Android devices

Manufacturer Device RAM size Upstream Flash method SoC Graphics Sound Modem Camera GPS Sensors Removable battery nonfree Freedom issues Verdict
Asus Nexus 7 ? CM 10 (Android 4.1) Fastboot Tegra 3 ? Free module 3G version modem uses AT1 Non-free tegra module, perhaps not even v4l2 BCM4751: secret protocol ? ? ? ? Port possible but unlikely to succeed
GeeksPhone One ? CM 7.2 (Android 2.3) Recovery MSM7K Should be fast Should work Non-standard protocol but AT seems possible, bad design for freedom MSM undocumented mechanism Probably NMEA from modem, bad design for freedom ? ? ? Qualcomm, hardware is BAD for freedom
GeeksPhone Zero ? CM 7.2 (Android 2.3) Fastboot MSM7227 Should be fast May need non-free firmwares ? MSM undocumented mechanism Probably NMEA from modem, bad design for freedom ? ? ? Qualcomm, hardware is BAD for freedom
LG Nexus 4 ? CM 10.1 (Android 4.2) Fastboot Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 Pro APQ8064 ? ? Unknown protocol ? ? ? ? Really BAD: has too many proprietary things and the hardware is bad for freedom: modem controls the GPS (included in the modem chip), audio and perhaps NAND too
LG Optimus L9 ? CM 10.1 (Android 4.2) ? OMAP 4430 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Motorola Defy ? CM 7.2 (Android 2.3) Recovery OMAP 3630 Should work ? ? Non-free ? ? ? ? Kernel is signed, making a Replicant port impossible
Samsung Galaxy S II, I9100G variant 1G ? ? OMAP 4430 ? ? XMM6260
MIPI
? ? ? ? ? ? Looks really good:
* The modem looks isolated
* The modem probably use the samsung-ipc protocol
* Has a free software xloader
* Unsigned bootloader
Samsung Galaxy Note 2 (LTE) ? LineageOS 14.1 heimdall Exynos 4412 1280x720 ? Qualcomm MDM9X15
HSIC
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy Note 3 (HSPA+ version) ? LineageOS 14.1 heimdall Exynos 5420 1080x1920 ? XMM6360
HSIC
? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy Note 4 (LTE Cat.4 & South Korea LTE Cat.6 & LTE Cat.9 (S-LTE)) ? ? ? Exynos 5433 ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Samsung Galaxy Note Edge (South Korea version) ? ? ? Exynos 5433 ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy Note 5 ? ? ? Exynos 7420 ? ? ? ? ? ? No ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S4 (GT-I9500​) ? ? ? Exynos 5410 ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S5 (SM-G900H) ? LineageOS 14.1 heimdall Exynos 5422 1080x1920 screen ? XMM6360
HSIC
? ? ? Yes proprietary-files.txt ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S5 Neo (SM-G903F, SM-G903M, SM-G903W) ? LineageOS 16.0 heimdall Exynos 7580 Mali-T720 MP2 ? Shared memory ? ? ? Yes s5neolte/proprietary-files.txt
universal7580-common/proprietary-files.txt ?
universal7580-common/proprietary-files-bsp.txt ?
Has at least a modem that is not isolated not isolated modem => too bad for freedom to support in Replicant
Samsung Galaxy S6 ? ? ? Exynos 7420 ? ? ? ? ? ? No ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S7 4GB LineageOS 14.1 heimdall Exynos 8890 2560x1440 ? ? ? ? ? No ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge ? LineageOS 14.1 heimdall Exynos 8890 2560x1440 ? ? ? ? ? No ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy S8 international ? ? ? Exynos 8895 ? ? ? ? ? ? No ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy Tab 8.9 ? CM 9.0 (Android 4.0) Heimdall Tegra 2 ? Free module Samsung IPC
XMM6260
Non-free tegra module, perhaps not even v4l2 BCM4751: secret protocol ? ? ? ? PaulK had one but failed to port to it because of Tegra slowness issues
Samsung Galaxy Xcover 3 ? ? ? Marvell Armada PXA1908 Vivante GPU ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Galaxy Xcover 4 ? ? ? Exynos 7570 ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ?
Samsung Nexus 10 - codenamed Manta ? Downstream LineageOS 16.0 ; Downstream AOSP 9.0 ; PostmarketOS wiki and repo ; Devices with same SoC that have some upstream support : Samsung SMDK5250 eval board: kernel u-boot ; Samsung Chromebook Series 3 XE303 - codenamed snow : kernel u-boot can use nv-U-Boot to boot unverified kernel tutorial to install upstream kernel at boot time ifixit teardown XDA thread about porting AOSP/CyanogenMod to this Chromebook Tutorial on running Android on this Chromebook Tutorial on bootloader unlock on this Chromebook ; Arndale board : wiki kernel u-boot supports non-secure JTAG debugging ; HP Chromebook 11 G1 - codenamed spring : kernel u-boot Fastboot Exynos 5250 , also called the Exynos 5 Dual. 1.7 GHz dual-core ARMv7 Cortex-A15 User manual Free gralloc, hwcomposer, non-free 3d, beware: ultra high resolution (could be slow), display may need non-free firmware, Mali T604 GPU can run panfrost May need non-free firmware No modem Free module BCM4751: secret protocol Free module No, but ifixit battery replacement is ranked as moderate, taking only 10 to 15 minutes. ? ? Port of Replicant 6.0 was planned but never pursued
SHIFTPHONE SHIFT5me ? ? ? MT6797X Helio X27 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Modem in the same SOC
SHIFTPHONE SHIFT6m ? ? ? MT6797X Helio X27 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Modem in the same SOC
SHIFTPHONE SHIFT6mq ? ? ? Qualcomm snapdragon 845 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Modem in the same SOC
SHIFTPHONE SHIFTmu ? ? ? Qualcomm snapdragon 865 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Modem in the same SOC
Wiko Highway 4G ? ? ? Tegra ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? TODO: Check if the bootloader is signed

1 It uses a nonfree libril (libxgold-ril.so) which doesn't have strings of samsung-ipc commands and instead it has strings like "+CRING:" which are typically used to parse unsolicited AT commands. So it should use AT commands.

Non-android devices

Device Manufacturer Android port Bootloader SoC Standardness Blobs Firmwares Modem Notes
Neo Freerunner Openmoko AoF u-boot, flash with dfu-utils Samsung S3C2442, CPU @400Mhz Audio: ALSA, GPS: NMEA, Modem: AT No No Total isolation Hardware is too old to be supported by Replicant:
* armv4t
* Only 128M of RAM
N900 Nokia Nitdroid partially signed, chainloaded u-boot, flash with 0xff OMAP3430, CPU @600Mhz Voice calls depend on cmt_speech pulseaudio plugin, modem protocol is non-standard but implemented in ofono Nitdroid uses blobs Nitdroid uses non-free firmwares (Wi-Fi, bluetooth, camera) GPS is controlled by the modem, modem transport is over high-speed serial * Has only 256M of RAM
iPhone Apple iDroid iDroid bootloader seems free iPhone 3G: Similar to Samsung S5PC110 iPhone 3G: Audio: ALSA, Modem: AT, Wi-Fi: libertas Probably needs some Probably needs some Known to never sleep already supported by the Idroid project ,however it has a really bad status : it can't suspend to ram...
FLOW G1.55 GizmoForYou Stock xloader + u-boot OMAP3 Audio: ALSA, Modem: AT ? Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Needs to be check, could be OK Instructions to build Android 2.2 for it are provided: http://www.gizmoforyou.net/wiki/index.php/Building_G155_Android Unfortunately that phone isn’t cheap.
PengPod1000/700 PengPod ? Android development forum u-boot Allwinner A10 ? both 8192cu and rtl8188eu Wi-Fi chips need non-free firmware Some have rtl8192cu Wi-Fi, some have rtl8188eu N/A More focused on running GNU/Linux than Android. Wiki

There are a small number of do-it-yourself phones where the user is expected to assemble the phone. Examples of this include the odroid phones which comes with android support. However, the issue is that not all users want or are able to assemble their own phones.

Updated by Denis 'GNUtoo' Carikli over 1 year ago · 214 revisions

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